Toughening security front - [사설 읽기] 험난해지는 안보 전선

https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/02/761_344955.html?utm_source=CU 

Toughening security front

 

Yoon faces daunting diplomatic challenges
윤 대통령, 벅찬 외교적 도전에 직면

 

toughen = firm up = consolidate = fortify = solidify = cement = strengthen = reinforce = stiffen = beef up = pump up = shore up 더 단단하게 하다, 더 강화하다, 더 엄격히하다, 더 강인하게 만들다

security front 안보 전선, 안보 측면

front 앞쪽, 앞면, 앞부분, 전선, (특정 활동의) 영역, 일선, 겉모습, 외양, 위장, 간판

forefront = vanguard = spearhead 맨앞, 선두, 선봉장, 중심, 가장 중요한 위치

face a challenge = meet a challenge 도전을 만나다, 도전에 대처하다

daunting = formidable = demanding = tough = burdensome = cumbersome = onerous = taxing = hulking 만만찮은, 쉽지않은, 힘든, 부담스러운

 

President Yoon Suk Yeol, now on a state visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), appears elated by the UAE's pledge to invest $30 billion in Korea. The two countries also agreed to boost bilateral ties in the areas of energy, construction and health. Yoon also plans to focus on economic issues during his planned visit to Switzerland for the annual World Economic Forum (WTF), often referred to as the Davos Forum.
아랍에미리트(UAE)를 국빈 방문한 윤석열 대통령이 한국에 300억달러를 투자하겠다는 UAE의 약속에 한껏 고무되어 있다. 양국은 에너지, 건설, 보건 분야에서 양자 관계를 강화하기로 합의했다. 윤 대통령은 또 다보스포럼으로 불리는 세계경제포럼(WTF) 연례회의 참석차 스위스를 방문하는 동안 경제 문제에 집중할 계획이다.

 

state visit (국가 원수급의) 공식 방문

elated = triumphant = self-complacent = exultant 마냥 기뻐하는, 의기양양해하는, 득의의

boost = encourage = stimulate = cheer up = revitalize = breathe life into = give life to = activate = pump-prime = dynamize 활기를 불어넣다, 활성화시키다

bilateral ties = mutual relation = reciprocity = reciprocal relation = bilateral relationship 양국관계, 상호관계, 양자관계

focus on = center on = concentrate on 초점을 맞추다, ~에 집중하다

economic issue 경제 문제

refer to = dub = call = term = name = tab = hail = bill 불리다, 일컽다

 

Despite the significant economic issues at play, Yoon is also burdened with a growing and toughened security environment surrounding the Korean Peninsula. For starters, North Korea is bent on building up its nuclear capabilities while showing no intention to return to dialogue. The United States, fresh from the end of the midterm elections, and China, now under the fortified grip of President Xi Jinping, are flexing their muscles in order to maintain the upper hand against each other.
중요한 경제 문제에 더해 윤 대통령은 한반도를 둘러싼 안보 환경이 점점 더 험난해지고 있는 것에 대해서도 부담을 느끼고 있다. 우선, 북한은 핵 능력 증강에 혈안이 되어 있고 대화에 복귀할 의사는 전혀 보이지 않고 있다. 중간선거가 끝난 지 얼마 되지 않은 미국과 시진핑 주석의 강화된 지배 하에 있는 중국은 서로에 대한 우위를 점하기 위해 힘을 과시하고 있다.

 

at play 작용하고 있는, 영향을 미치고 있는, 놀고 있는, 활동하고 있는

in store = on the horizon 닥쳐올, 예비된, 기다리고 있는

be burdened with = shoulder the burden of ~의 부담을 지고 있다

weigh on = weigh down = burden ~을 (정신적으로) 짓누르다, 부담을 지우다

security environment 안보환경

security issue 안보 문제

for starters = above all = first of all = to kick off with = to start with = in the first palce = beyond all = for one thing = first and formost = for a start = for a kickoff 우선 첫째로, 무엇보다도, 먼저, 우선

be bent on = be immersed in = be intent on = be absorbed in ~에 여념이 없다, ~에 몰두하고 있다

be preoccupied with = be obsessed with ~에 사로 잡혀 있다, ~에 집착하고 있다

build up = enforce = toughen = firm up = consolidate = fortify = solidify = cement = strengthen = reinforce = stiffen = beef up = pump up = shore up = amp up = ramp up = rack up = jack up = ratchet up 증강시키다, 더 단단하게 하다, 더 강화하다, 더 엄격히하다, 더 강인하게 만들다

nuclear capability 핵 보유력, 핵 능력

show no intention to = show no sign of ~할 의사가 전혀 보이지 않다, ~할 기미가 전혀 보이지 않다

fresh from = fresh out of ~에서 갓 나온, ~에서 갓 도착한

grip = control 통제, 지배

flex one's muscle 힘을 과시하다, 힘자랑을 하다

flex = flaunt = boast = strut one's stuff = show off = aggrandize = ostentate = showboat 과시하다, 과장하다, 뽐내다

sabre-rattling (saber-rattling) = show of force 무력과시, 무력을 내세운 위협

supremacy = hegemony = ascendancy 패권, 헤게모니, 우위hegemonic rivalry 패권경쟁, 헤게모니 경쟁maintain the upper hand 우위를 점하다upper hand = dominance = predominance = supremancy = ascendancy = superiority = dominant position = advantageous position = position of advantage = high ground = competitive edge = competitive advantage 우위, 우세한 위치

 

In response, South Korea has been eager to beef up its prowess as a global middle power state. With this aim in mind, it has been focusing on strengthening its alliance with the U.S. and Japan in a bid to effectively counter the numerous threats from North Korea. The security situation in East Asia and on the peninsula is vital, but hasn't always been favorable to the Republic of Korea.
이에 비해 한국은 중견국으로서의 위상을 강화하기를 원하고 있다. 북한의 많은 위협에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 미국과 일본과의 동맹을 강화하는 데 주력해 왔다. 동아시아와 한반도의 안보 상황은 매우 중요하지만, 한국에 항상 호의적이지는 않았다.

 

in response 이에 대응하여, 이에 호응하여

be eager to = be anxious to = strongly desire to = strongly wish to = long for = carve for = thrist for = hunger for = yearn for = aspire 갈망하다, 간절히 바라다, 간절히 원하다

prowess = feat = capability = caliber = ability = dexterity 기량, 솜씨, 능력

middle power state = arbitrator 중간 국가 (강대국과 약소국 중간에 있는 나라로서 분쟁의 중개 능력을 가진 나라)

in minid 유념하는, 염두해 두고 있는

focus on = center on = concentrate on 초점을 맞추다, ~에 집중하다

alliance = partnership 동맹 관계, 파트너쉽, 연합

counter = counteract = respond 대응하다, 대처하다

threat = menace = intimidation = jeopardy = blackmail 위협, 협박

security situation 안보상황

vital = crucial = paramount = critical = cardinal = indispensable = essential = important = all-important 중요한, 필수적인favorable = agreeable = acceptable = pleasant = friendly 우호적인, 알맞은, 받아들일 수 있는

 

For one thing, Japan has been desperate to solidify ties with the U.S. after declaring its plans to be equipped with "counteroffensive capabilities" by discarding the principle of pacifism which it had kept since its defeat in World War II. The two nations held a series of meetings among top security-related officials, including a summit between U.S. President Joe Biden and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida between Jan. 11 and 13 in Washington D.C.
우선 일본은 제2차 세계대전 패전 이후 지켜온 평화주의 원칙을 폐기하고 '대응력'을 갖추겠다는 계획을 천명한 뒤 미국과의 관계를 강화하는 데 집중해 왔다. 양국은 11/13일 워싱턴에서 조 바이든 미국 대통령과 기시다 후미오 일본 총리의 정상회담을 비롯해 안보 관련 고위급 회담을 잇달아 열었다.

 

for one thing = for starters = above all = first of all = to kick off with = to start with = in the first palce = beyond all = first and formost = for a start = for a kickoff 우선 첫째로, 무엇보다도, 먼저, 우선

desperate = eager = anxious = urgent 필사적인, 간절히 바라는

declare = affirm = proclaim = aver = assert = make sure = confirm = manifest = articulate = confirm = announce = pronounce = apprise = infrom = notify = evince = lay it on the line = enunciate = speak clearly 알리다, 선언하다, 공표하다, 표명하다, 분명히 밝히다

be  equipped with ~을 갖추다

complete with ~이 완비된

counteroffensive 역공, 반공

pacifism = advocacy of peace 평화주의, 반전주의

top official = high-ranking official = top-level official 고위급 인사, 고위직

bureaucracy 관료 체제, 관료국가

bureaucrat (정부)관료

 

The two sides agreed to realign the U.S. forces stationed in Japan in preparation for a possible invasion of Taiwan by China and expand the scope of the military alliance into space. Ahead of the summit, Kishida managed to expand the range of military cooperation through his visit to G-7 member states. Tokyo, for instance, signed a contract for mutual dispatches of troops with the United Kingdom.
양측은 중국의 대만 침공 가능성에 대비해 주일미군을 재배치하고 군사동맹의 범위를 우주로 확대하기로 합의했다. 정상 회담을 앞두고 기시다는 G-7 회원국 방문을 통해 군사 협력의 범위를 확대했다. 예를 들어, 일본은 영국과 상호 파병 계약을 체결했다.

 

realign = reorganize = rearrange  (위치/방향)재조정하다, 재변경하다, 재편성하다

stationed in = resident in ~에 주둔하는, ~에 배치된

in preperation for = in readiness for = in provision for ~에 대한 대비로서

tabletop exercise (가상의 시나리오를 바탕으로 한) 군사적 모의훈련

ahead of = in the face of = in the lead-up to ~을 앞두고

military cooperation 군사협력

military alliance 군사동맹

dispatch 파견, 발송, 보내다, 파견하다, 긴급공문, 급보

 

Rather worrisome, however, is the possibility that Japan's move toward rearmament, due to increasing threats from North Korea and China, might prompt the neighboring country to engage in possible conflicts on the peninsula. Or additionally, it could nudge South Korea into getting involved in potential military confrontations in Taiwan.
그러나 오히려 우려되는 것은 북한과 중국의 위협이 증가함에 따라 일본의 재무장 움직임이 한반도에서의 분쟁을 촉발할 가능성이다. 한국이 대만에서 잠재적인 군사적 충돌에 개입하게 되는 상황이 벌어질 수도 있다.

 

rearmament 재무장, 재군비

disarmament 군비 축소

nuclear non-proliferation 핵확산 금지

demilitarization 비무장화

prompt = stir up = spark = ignite = stoke = add fuel to = arouse = bring on = cause = result in = lead to 촉발시키다, 부추기다, 야기하다, 불러일으키다

conflict = clash = collision = friction = confrontation = dissension = disharmony = row = strifie = feud = bicker = squabble quarrel = spat = antagonism = hostiity = polartiy 충돌, 대립, 불화, 반목, 적의

nudge into ~쪽으로 조금씩 움직이다

nudge (…을 특정 방향으로) 살살[조금씩] 밀다, 몰고가다, (특히 팔꿈치로 살짝) 쿡 찌르다

get involved in = get entangled in ~에 관계하다, ~에 관여하다

military confrontation 군사 대립

 

Despite this, South Korea and the United States have shown signs of a crack developing, regarding Yoon's recent statement indicating the need for Seoul to possess nuclear weapons as a deterrence against the North's nuclear threats. The Defense Department's Press Secretary Brig. Gen. Pat Ryder expressed opposition to any move toward possible nuclear armament. "Our policy continues to remain focused on the complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula," he said during a press briefing Thursday.
한편 한국과 미국은 윤 대통령의 최근 북핵 위협에 대한 억지력으로 핵무기 보유의 필요성을 시사한 발언과 관련해 균열 조짐을 보이고 있다. 국방부 대변인 브리그 팻 라이더 장군은 핵무장 가능성에 대한 어떠한 움직임에도 반대 의사를 표명했다. 그는 목요일 언론 브리핑에서 "우리의 정책은 한반도의 완전한 비핵화에 계속 초점을 맞추고 있다"고 말했다.

 

crack = rupture = rift = division 균열, 분열, 틈

indicate = intimiate = imply = denote = mean = connote = hint = signal = signify = drop a hint = suggest = bespeak = insinuate = allude to 암시히다, 내포하다, 시사하다, 넌지시 비치다

the need for ~의 필요성

nuclear weapon = nuke = nuclear weaponry = nuclear arsenal = nuclear arms 핵무기

deterrance 제지, 저지, 억제력

deference 존중, 경의(를 표하는 행동)

nuclear armament 핵무장

complete denuclearization 완전한 비핵화

 

Worse still, Beijing irritated Seoul and Tokyo due to its suspension of short-term visas for their respective nationals, from among the 20 countries which have recently fortified quarantine measures for travelers arriving from China. Yet, it has offered favorable policies to the U.S., normalizing flights between the two countries. For Australia, China has lifted the import embargo on coal. Against this backdrop, experts say that China was cynically attempting to drive a wedge between countries on the opposite side.
더욱이 최근 중국발 여행객에 대한 검역 조치를 강화한 20여 개국 가운데 중국이 단기 비자 발급을 중단해 한국과 일본을 자극했다. 그러나 미국에 대해서는 우호적인 정책으로 양국 간 항공편을 정상화했다. 호주의 경우, 중국은 석탄에 대한 수입 금지 조치를 해제했다. 상황이 이렇다 보니 중국이 반대편 국가들 사이에 쐐기를 박으려 했다는 평가가 나온다.

 

worse still = to make matters worse = to top it all off = to cap it all off = to add insult to injury = to rub salt into the wound = to twist knife in the wound = to turn knife in the wound = what is more worrisome = misfortunes never come singly 설상가상으로, 엎친데 덮친격으로, 더 심각한 것은

irriate = irk = dog = annoy = vex = jar = provoke = bother = ruffle = offend 짜증나게하다, 성가시게 하다, 거슬리게하다

respective = each = several = seperate = discrete 각각의, 각자의

quarantine measure 검역조치, 방역조치

favorable = cordial = amicable = amiable = genial = affable = fridenly 다정한, 상냥한, 우호적인

embargo 금수조치, 금수조치하다, 통상금지령

boycott 보이콧하다, 보이콧, 거부운동

sanction 제재, 허가, 승인

cynically 냉소적으로

drive a wedge between ~사이에 이간질시키다, 쇄기를 박다

 

Such situations explain well the complexity of the reality faced by South Korea. This means the three allies ― South Korea, the U.S. and Japan ― do not exactly share the same interests when it comes to sensitive security issues such as North Korea's nuclear threats, relations with China and historical issues. It is time for foreign affairs and security authorities to extract the utmost amount of wisdom so that the Yoon administration can cope well with the ever-toughening situation on and around the peninsula.
이러한 상황은 한국이 처한 현실의 복잡성을 잘 설명해준다. 북한의 핵 위협, 중국과의 관계, 역사 문제 등 민감한 안보 현안에 대해 한·미·일 3국이 이해 관계가 서로 다르다는 뜻이다. 윤 대통령이 갈수록 심해지는 한반도 주변 정세에 잘 대처할 수 있도록 외교안보 당국이 최대한의 지혜를 짜내야 할 시점이다.

 

explain = expound = delineate = explicate = eludicate = go into details = account for = interpret = give an account of = read = construe 설명하다, 해석하다

complexity = intricacy = complication = troublesomeness = entanglement 복잡성, 복잡함

sensitive = thorny = delicate 민감한, 예민한

historical issue 역사적 문제 

extract the utmost amount of wisdom = rally wits = gather one's wits = cudgel one's brain 지혜를 짜내다

extract = excerpt = selection(글·음악·영화 등의) 발췌, 인용, 초출

ever-toughening 갈수록 심해지는

 

 

 

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