#11 Essential Vocabulary (101~110)

 

* attain (노력끝에)달성하다, (특정 나이/수준/조건)도달하다, 이루다, 획득하다

= win = gain = acquire = achieve = fulfill = realize = accomplish = obtain

cf) attainable = realizable = achievable 이룰 수 있는, 달성할 수 있는

cf) unattainable 도달 불 가능한

cf) attainment = achievement = accomplishment = fulfillment  성과, 성취, 달성

cf) attainment targets 달성 목표, 성취목표

 

ex) The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph

ex) His aspiration to attain the ideal has been realized 

ex) Once you start,  you must attain your object

ex) Some go as far as having their jawbone reshaped to attain a slimmer face

ex) You can attain to perfection through much practice

ex) This standard is easily attainable by most students

ex) The goal should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely 

 

 

* attract 마음을 끌다, (어디로)끌어들이다, 끌어모으다, (어떤 반응을) 불러일으키다, 끌다

= draw = engage = drag in = involve = scrape together[up] = catch = take into = bring into

cf) attractive = appealing = charming = fascinating = alluring (성적으로)매력적인, 멋진, 마음을 끄는 

cf) attraction = charm = magnetism = appeal (성적)끌림, (사람을 끄는)명소, 명물, 볼거리, 매력

 

ex) He clicked his tougue to attract their attention 

ex) The race organizers are trying to attract sponsors

ex) attempts to attract new recruits to the nursing profession 

ex) A male bird sings to attract a mate

ex) The advertisements depict smoking as glamorous and attractivec

ex) He was attractive and averagely intelligent 

 

 

* audio-visual 시청각의

cf) audio-visual aids 시청각 교구들

cf) audio-visual aids for the classroom 수업용 시청각 교재들

 

ex) Audio-visual aids can enhance the student's learning

ex) We have an audio-visual laboratory

ex) There are also other resources such as audio-visual programs, books and board games that may serve the purpose

ex) Telepathy is a communication from one mind to another without audio or visual messages

ex) So if you feel like watching a French movie, you can easily borrow it and watch it at the audio-visual lab

 

 

* aural 청각의, 청력의

cf) aural channel 음향채널

cf) aural modulator 음향 변조기

cf) aural art 청각 예술

cf) aural and visual images 청각 및 시각의 이미지

cf) aural comprehension tests 청취력 테스트

cf) acoustic 음향의, 청각의, 전자장치를 쓰지 않는

cf) acoustic instrument 보청기, 어쿠스틱 악기

cf) acoustic effect = sound effect 음향효과

cf) audio 녹음의(소리/청각과 관련된)

cf) audibility 들을 수 있음, 가청도

cf) audible 잘 들리는

cf) inaudible 들리지 않는

cf) stimulus 자극제 자극, stimuli (복수형)

 

ex) Through visual and aural stimuli, your imagination will start to build a character causing you to make conclusions about certain characters 

ex) By using aural and visual images, she broadens our understanding of what is happening 

ex) The opera was an aural as well as a visual delight 

 

 

* authority 권위, 당국, 지휘권, 권한, 재가, 인가

= power = influence = prestige 

cf) authorize 권한을 부여하다, 재가하다, 인가하다

cf) authoritative 권위적인, 권위있는

cf) authorization (공식적인)인가, 허가, 허가증, 인가증

cf) authorities 당국, 당국관계자, 정부당국

 

ex) She was easily cowed by people in authority (cow : 암소, 젓소, 겁을주다)

ex) The authority of the central government was rapidly disintergrating

ex) in a position of authority 

ex) to overstep your authority

ex) The professor is an authoritative researcher in riverology 

ex) an authoritative tone of voice

ex) You may not enter the security area withouth authorization

ex) Can I see your authorization?

 

 

* available 이용할 수 있는, 구할 수 있는, 시간이 있는, 여유가 있는

= effective = valid = free = vacant = empty = unoccupied 

cf) avail 도움이 되다, 소용에 닿다

cf) availability 유효성, 유용성, 효용, 가능성, 당선가능성, 이용할수 있는 것[사람]

cf) in books of = in a bunch of = in packs of = in a bundle of 묶음으로, 다발로

 

ex) The information available on the subject is sparse 

ex) Prints are available on matt or glossy paper

ex) The stamps are available singly or in books of ten

ex) The doctors tried everything to keep him alive but to no avail

ex) Guests are encouraged to avail themselves of the full range of hotel facilities

ex) Even if his arguments are correct, they will not avail in this case

ex) This offer is subject to availability (재고물품/이용할수 있는것 으로 이해)

ex) All the holidays on offer are subject to availability [잔여석/이용할수 있는것 으로 이해]

ex) One area of contention is the availability of nursery care

 

 

* averse ~을 싫어하는, ~을 반대하는 

= opposed = against = antipathetic = hostile = antagonistic = unfavourable = ill-disposed 

cf) aversely 싫어하여, 꺼려서, 부정적으로

cf) aversion = averseness = dislike = abhor = abhorrence 싫어함, 회피함, 혐오함

cf) risk-averse 위험을 회피하려고 하는 (<->risk-taking )

 

ex) He was averse to any change

ex) I mentioned it to Kate and she wasn't averse to the idea

ex) He had an aversion to gettinig up early

ex) He began to fell aversion to hard study 

ex) These so-called normal children can be aversely affected both emotionally and mentally 

 

 

* aviation 비행, 항공, 항공술

= flight = aeronautics = the art of flying 

cf) plane = aircraft = airplane = aeroplane 비행기, 항공기

cf) aviation industry 항공산업

cf) aviation sickness = airsickness 항공병, 비행기 멀미

cf) civil aviation 민간항공

 

ex) Here are some live links to other aviation-related web pages 

ex) developments in aviation technology 

ex) The aviation association promotes the use of sustainable aviation fuels to protect environment 

ex) A shortage of pilots may lead to operational disruption that can threaten aviation satefy 

ex) Aviation is the safest transportation method in the world, with the lowest accident and death rates

 

 

* baffle 곤란하게하다, 좌절시키다, 완전히 당황하게 만들다, 도저히 이해할 수가 없다, (전문용어)칸막이

= bewilder = stun 

cf) bafflement 방해, 훼방, 곤혹, 당혹, 좌절

cf) baffle[beggar/defy] description 언어로 표현할 수가 없다, 형용할 수 없다

cf) baffled = perplexed = puzzled = embarrassed 당혹한, 당황스러운

 

ex) This difficulty tends to baffle learners 

ex) Hutton's speech did contain a lot that will baffle 

ex) This place continues to baffle, bemuse and anger me

ex) If you are not much familiar with Dylan, this film is likely to confuse or baffle 

ex) The beauty of scenery baffles[defies] all description 

 

 

* balk (at) 멈칫거리다, 꺼리다, (장애물 앞에서)갑자기 멈추다, (못가지게/못하게)방해하다, (야구)보크

= baulk (at)

cf) balky 말을 안 듣는

 

ex) Many parents may baulk at the idea of playing $100 for a pair of shoes

ex) Investors may baulk at the huge supply of new gilts, depressing the market price and pushing up yields 

ex) Consumers balk at buying new cars after economic crisis

ex) Consumers dislike or balk at providing their personal information on the Web

ex) Balk in baseball is an illegal motion or move of the pitcher while in position to deceive a batter

ex) Bond's once-rapid quest for the record had slowed in recent years as his age and balky knees diminished his pace

ex) They replaced a balky computer data device

 

 

 

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