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Increasingly difficult life - [사설] 점점 어려워지는 삶

by 정이로운 잉여생활 2023. 6. 2.
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https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/06/761_352159.html

 

Increasingly difficult life

Government must loosen purse strings to help the poor 정부, 지갑 열어 저소득층 지원해야

www.koreatimes.co.kr

 

Government must loosen purse strings to help the poor
정부, 지갑 열어 저소득층 지원해야

 

difficult life = rough life = tough life 고달픈 삶, 힘든 삶, 험난한 인생

loosen purse strings 재정 완화책을 쓰다, 재정 주머니를 풀다

tighten purse strings = retrench = stick to austerity measures = turn toward austerity = tighten one's belt 재정 긴축책을 쓰다, 긴축하다

the poor = poor people = the underprivileged people = the destitute = the poverty-sticken people = the needy = the disadvantaged = the deprived = the indigent 가난한 사람들, 저소득층, 혜택을 받지 못하는 사람들, 극빈자

 


A double whammy of the economic slowdown and inflation is having an impact on low- and middle-income households.
경기 침체 및 인플레이션이라는 이중고가 저소득층 및 중산층 가정에 영향을 미치고 있다.

 

double whammy 이중고

triple whammy 삼중고

economic slowdown = economic recession = economic stagnation = economic doldrums = economic slump = economic depression 경기 침체, 경기 불황, 불경기

have an impact on = influence = have an effect on = take effect = impact on 영향을 주다, 영향을 미치다

low- and middle- income households 저소득층 및 중산층 가정

 


According to Statistics Korea's household survey, six in 10 families saw their real, or inflation-adjusted, income stagnate or set back in the first quarter.
통계청 가계조사에 따르면 국내 10가구 중 6가구는 실질 또는 인플레이션 조정 소득이 1분기에 정체되거나 줄어든 것으로 나타났다.

 

household survey 가계 조사

real income = net income 실질 소득

inflation-adjusted income 인플레이션 조정 소득

stagnate = slow = deteriorate = aggravate = exacerbate = worsen = languish = droop = dampen = go down = subside = become stagnant = retard = slow down 침체되다, 부진해지다, 약화되다

set back = impede = block = fall through = fail = frustrate = foil = stymie = miscarry = thwart = discourage = dishearten = disturb = hamper = hinder = obstruct = shackle 차질이 생기다, 실패하다, 방해하다, 좌절시키다

 


Those in the bottom 20 percent of the income bracket suffered a monthly deficit of 461,000 won ($350) on average, the largest since 2006, when the government began to compile related figures. The Economic Misery Index, (the jobless rate plus inflation) soared to 8.8, the highest since 1999 after the Asian currency crisis.
소득구간 하위 20%는 월평균 46만1000원(350달러)이 적자였는데, 이는 정부가 관련 통계 작성을 시작한 2006년 이후 최대 규모다. 경제고통지수(실업률과 인플레이션의 합)는 아시아 통화 위기 이후 1999년 이래 최고치인 8.8로 치솟았다.

 

in the bottom 20 percent of the income bracket 소득구간 하위 20%

low income bracket = lower-income group 저소득층

deficit = loss = red ink figure 적자, 손실

surplus = the black = black ink figure = profit = gain = margin = yield = return 흑자, 이익

on average 평균적으로, 대체로

compile = edit 엮다, 편찬하다, 편집하다

jobless rate = unemployment rate 실업률

sour to = surge to = skyrocket to = jump to = sharply rise to = drastically increase to = go through the roof = gush 치솟다, 솟구치다, 급증하다

currency crisis 통화 위기

 


All this occurred under a government whose slogan is to revive the public's livelihoods. Economic officials predict the situation will turn around in the second half of the year, but private economists say otherwise. This likely indicates that things will worsen for many months before getting any better.
국민 일상 회복을 슬로건으로 내건 정부에서 이런 상황이 발생했다. 경제 당국은 하반기에 상황이 반전될 것으로 예측하지만, 사설 경제학자들은 다른 의견을 제시하고 있다. 이는 상황이 나아지기 전 수개월 동안 어려운 시기가 이어질 거라는 점을 시사한다.

 

occur = take place = happen = transpire = arise = break out = come up = be formed 일어나다, 발생하다

slogan = catchphrase = tag line = chant = rallying cry = motto = catchword = punchline = mantra 슬로건, 구호, 모토, 표어

revive = restore = reinvigorate = resuscitate = breathe life into = bring life to = reactivate = bring sb back to life = rally = rejuvenate  소생시키다, 활기를 불어 넣다, 활기를 되찾다

public's livelihoods = livelihood of the public 민생, 국민의 생활

guns or butter 군사냐 민생이냐, 군사/민생 양립의

predict = foresee = forecast = look ahead = prognosticate = guesstimate = guess =  conjecture = surmise = estimate = reckon 예측하다, 예상하다, 추측하다, 추정하다

turn around 방향을 바꾸다, (경기·경제 등이[을]) 호전되다, 호전시키다, 몸을 돌리다

say otherwise 달리 말하다

otherwise ~와는 다르게, 달리, (만약)그렇지 않다면, 그 외에는

get any better 더 나아지다

 


What went wrong?
무엇이 잘못됐나?

 

go wrong = go awry = fall through = break down = come to naught (일이)잘못되다, 문제를 겪다, 고장이 나다, 틀어지다 

 


Granted, the Yoon Suk Yeol administration started amid an unfavorable economic environment of the "three highs" ― a high-interest rate, high inflation and weak currency (high exchange rate against the U.S. dollar). But Yoon and his economic aides made bad situations worse. Instead of bolstering the sagging economy, they tightened budget spending under the pretext of "fiscal soundness."
윤석열 정부는 "삼고(三高)"인 높은 금리, 높은 인플레이션, 약한 통화(미국 달러에 대한 높은 환율)라는 불리한 경제적 환경에서 출발했다는 점은 인정할 만하다. 그러나 윤석열 대통령과 경제 분야 보좌관들은 나쁜 상황을 더 악화시켰다. 침체하는 경제를 활성화하는 대신 "재정 건전성"을 핑계로 예산 지출을 축소했다.

 

granted 인정해, 맞아, 그건 인정, ~이므로

granting that = granted that = even though = admitting that = even if it were so 그렇기로 서니, ~손 치더라도, ~인들

take it for granted 당연히 ~일거라고 믿다, 당연하게 여기다, 대수롭지 않게 여기다

unfavoragble = disapproving = naughty = disaggreeable = unpleasant = wretched = awful = pitiful = pathetic =  unsavory = nasty = unworthy = scandalous = disgraceful = ugly = shameful = disadvantageous 좋지 않은, 유쾌하지 못한, 형편없는, 나쁜, 끔찍한

economic environment 경제적 환경, 경제환경

exchange rate 환율, 외환시세

economic aide 경제 보자관

make bad sth worse = go from bad to worse = deteriorate = compound = eggravate = exacerbate = become worse = worsen = dampen 더 나빠지다, 악화시키다, 악화되다

bolster = consolidate = solidify = cement = stiffen = reinforce = enforce = strengthen = build up = beef up = ramp up = amp up 증강시키다, 강화시키다, 굳건히하다

sagging = languid = drooping = limp = limping = stammering = listless = low-spirited = cheerless = depressed = dull = inactive = slack 힘없는, 기운없는, 기력없는

dilapidated = ramshakle = tumbledown = rickety 금방이라도 무너질 것 같은

tighten the budget spending = cut the budget = slash the budget = tighen the purse strings = tighten one's belt = squeeze a budget = reduce the budget 예산을 축소하다

under the pretext of = under the excuse of = under the mask of ~의 구실로, ~의 핑계로

fiscal soundness = financial soundness = fiscal healthiness 재정 건전성

 

 

Even more incomprehensibly, they granted tax cuts to large companies and wealthy individuals. That sharply reduced tax revenue, making it even harder to restore fiscal health, slashing already meager welfare benefits for the poor, and widening the income and wealth gap. Yoon still seems to believe in the "trickle-down effect," which global experts have concluded does not exist. Instead, the global trend is toward a "trickle-up effect." If you give the money to the poor, they will help to revive the economy.
더욱 이해하기 힘든 점은 정부가 대기업 및 상류층에 세금 인하 혜택을 부여한 것이다. 이로 인해 세금 수입이 급격히 감소해 재정 건전성을 회복이 더욱 어려워졌고, 이미 빈약한 복지 혜택을 누리는 저소득층에게 큰 타격을 입히며 소득과 재산 격차를 확대했다. 윤석열 대통령은 국제 전문가들이 존재하지 않는다고 결론 내린 "낙수효과"를 여전히 신봉하는 것으로 보인다. 하지만 세계는 반대 추세인 "분수효과"로 향하고 있다. 빈민층에 돈을 주면, 이들은 경제 회복에 기여할 것이다.

 

incomprehensibly = unintelligibly 이해할 수 없이

tax cut = tax reduction 감세, 세금 인하

tax deduction = tax credit 세금 공제, 소득 공제

tax exemption 세금 면제, 면세

tax avoidance (합법적)세금 절세

tax erasion (불법적)탈세

revenue = earnings = income = profits = yield = crop 이익, 수입, 수입액

meager = insufficient = paltry = stingy = mean 메마른, 빈약한, 결핍한, 인ㄴ색한

widen the income gap 소득 격차를 넓히다

widen the wealth gap 부의 격차를 확대하다

trickle-down effect 낙수 효과, 트리클다운 이론(사회의 최부유층이 더 부유해지면, 더 많은 일자리 창출 등을 통해, 그 부가 서민들이나 그 아래층들에게로도 확산된다고 보는 이론)

trickle-up effect 분수효과, 빈민층[빈국]에서 부유층[부국]으로 확산된다고 보는 이론

 


The incumbent government's lack of an economic philosophy pushes it to follow in the footsteps of failed conservative governments of the past, such as under Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye.
현 정부는 경제 철학 부재로 이명박과 박근혜 정부와 같은 전 보수 정권이 밟았던 실패한 길을 따르고 있다.

 

incumbent government 현 정부

economic philosophy 경제 철학

follow in the footsteps of = follow suit = follow the example of ~의 뒤를 따르다, ~의 예를 따르다

 


As the world exits the COVID-19 pandemic, major economies, including the U.S., are returning to tax hikes and big government. Korea Inc. stands out by sticking to small government and fiscal austerity. State finance must be opposite to family finance. Families reduce spending when the economy is bad. However, the economy worsens if the government tightens the purse strings during a slump.
세계가 코로나19 대유행에서 벗어나자 미국을 포함한 주요 경제국은 세금 인상과 큰 정부로 회귀하고 있다. 그러나 한국은 소규모 정부와 재정 축소 정책을 유지한다는 독특한 입지를 갖고 있다. 국가 재정은 가계 재정과 반대로 가야 한다. 가계는 경제가 어려울 때 지출을 줄인다. 그러나 정부가 불황기에 지출을 절감하면 경제는 악화된다.

 

exit 나가다, 떠나다, 퇴장하다, 종료하다

stand out = stick out 눈에띄다, 두드러지다, 돋보이다

stick to = cling to = adhere to ~을 고수하다, 붙다

fiscal austerity = retrenchment = belt-tightening = austerity management 재정긴축, 긴축경영, 긴축재정

be opposed to = stand oppsed to ~와 반대편에 서다

state finance 국가 재정

family finance = household finance 가계 재정

tighen the purse strings = tighten the budget spending = cut the budget = slash the budget = tighten one's belt = squeeze a budget = reduce the budget 예산을 축소하다

 


Of course, contemporary Koreans should not leave too much debt to their descendants, as the Korean president says. But the good intention could be penny-wise and pound-foolish in a worst-case scenario.
물론 대통령이 말하듯 현 세대 한국인은 후손에게 지나친 부채를 남겨서는 안 된다. 그러나 최악의 경우 돈을 절약하려는 선한 의도가 오히려 미래 세대에 큰 손해를 입힐 수도 있다.

 

contemporary = modern 동시대의, 현대의

leave a debt to ~에 빚을 남기다

leave debts behind ~뒤에 빚을 남기다

descendant = progeny = posterity = offspring 자손, 후예, 후손

descent = ancestry = extraction = parantage = kin = lineage = family line ~출신인, 가계, 혈통, 가문

kin = kindred = next of kin = relatives 친족, 친척, 최근친, 일가친척

penny-wise and pound-foolish 소탐대실, 작은 것 아끼려다 큰 것을 잃는다

in a worst-case scenario = when the worst comes to the worst = at the worst 최악의 경우에

 

 

Suppose the nation fails to invest in essential infrastructure and education. In that case, it will leave industries in a state of deterioration and cause society to decline. More soconsidering Korea's government debt is one of the lowest among the 22 most advanced economieswhile its household debt is almost the highest. More money must move from state storehouses to the people, especially the most vulnerable and underprivileged.
정부가 필수 공공 기반시설 및 교육 투자에 실패했다고 가정하자. 그럴 경우, 산업은 저하되고 사회는 쇠퇴할 것이다. 게다가 한국 정부 부채는 22개 선진국 중에서 가장 낮은 편에 속하고, 가계 부채는 상대적으로 높은 수준이라는 점을 고려할 때 더욱 그렇다. 더 많은 자금이 국가 재정에서 국민에게, 특히 가장 취약하고 불우한 개인에게 돌아가야 한다.

 

suppose that = assuming that = imagine that = presume that = hypothesize that = posit that = speculate that = pretend that ~라 가정해 봅시다, ~라 치자, ~라 추정해 보자, ~라 상정해 보자, ~라 가정하면

in that case = under such circumstances = if that is the case = then = if it be so = in that occasion 그러한 경우에

in a state of deterioration 저하의 상태로, 악화의 상태로

more so  훨씬 더, 게다가

while = on the other hand = in contrast = on the contrary = whereas = as opposed to 반면에, 이에 반해서

state storehouse = state coffer = state finance 국가 재정, 국가 금고

the vulnerable = the underprevileged = low-income bracket = people in need = the destitute = the needy = poverty-stricken people = poor people = the socially deprived = the disadvantaged 취약계층, 저소득층, 불우한 사람, 가난한 사람

 

 



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