https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/09/177_381683.html
Korean media scholar calls for 'bias literacy' in digital news consumption
A strong understanding of our unconscious biases, or 'bias literacy,' is urgently needed for people to identify fake news, misinformation and disinformation in digital media, according to Choi Su-jin, a professor of media at Kyung Hee University.
www.koreatimes.co.kr
A strong understanding of our unconscious biases, or "bias literacy," is urgently needed for people to identify fake news, misinformation and disinformation in digital media, according to Choi Su-jin, a professor of media at Kyung Hee University.
bias literacy 편향적 문해력
unconscious biases 무의식적 편견, 무의식적 선입견
prejudice = bias 편견, 편견을 갖게 하다
fake news 가짜뉴스, 거짓 뉴스
misinformation 잘못된 정보
disinformation 허위정보
For many years, she has been researching digital journalism and political communication from the user's perspective to investigate the determinants and consequences of online news authorship verification. One of her research projects highlights the role of psychological motives and behavioral patterns in news authorship verification.
digital journalism 디지털 저널
political communication 정치 커뮤니케이션
determinant = decision factor 결정요인
consequence = result = outcome = ramification = implication = repercussion = sequela = fallout = aftermath = aftereffect = byproduct 영향, 결과
news authorship verification 뉴스 저자 인증
psychological motives 심리적 동기
behavioral patterns 행동학적 패턴
The author and co-author of seven books on journalism and media, technology and network analysis met with the Korea Times to share her research and what is needed to improve bias literacy in modern-day news media consumers.
meet with = have a meeting with ~와 만나다
bias literacy 편향적 문해력
news media consumers 뉴스미디어 소비자
What inspired you to investigate the determinants and consequences of online news authorship verification?
inspire = encourage = motivate = fire sb up = stimulate 고무하다, 영감을 주다, 격려하다
determinant = decision factor 결정요인
consequence = result = outcome = ramification = implication = repercussion = sequela = fallout = aftermath = aftereffect = byproduct 영향, 결과
I do research in digital journalism and political communication from the perspective of general consumers — not journalists or politicians. I usually use methods like network analysis and surveys to conduct the research. And recently I have been interested in the news on digital platforms.
general consumers 일반 소비자
conduct the research = do the research = carry out the research 리서치를 진행하다, 연구를 진행하다
We found many side effects of digital journalism, and the situation is especially severe in Korea. When I started my search 10 years ago, the digital news market was burgeoning. For more attention and views, news outlets started using sensational and provocative headlines, practicing clickbait journalism for more revenue and survival in the market.
side effects 부작용
severe = serious = bitter = hard = harsh = grave = very bad = critical 심각한
burgeoning = increasing = rising = skyrocketing = brewing = mounting = expanding = growing = swelling 증가하는, 커지는
sensational = fantastic = thrilling = provocative 세상을 놀라게 하는, 돌풍을 일으키는, 선정적인, 자극적인
sensational headlines 선정적인 제목
provocative headlines 자극적은 제목
practice 실행하다, 행하다, 실천하다, 생활화하다
clickbait 낚시성 링크 (자극적인 제목으로 인터넷 사용자들의 클릭을 유도하는 기사나 광고)
The side effects of the rise of digital journalism occurred in the transition phase from print journalism to digital. Because the movement of readers from print to digital was so fast, newspapers had to adapt to the market they were not accustomed to. I thought then, "How can we end the cycle of clickbait journalism?"
occur = happen = come to pass = transpire = take place 발생하다
adapt = acclimatize = acclimate 적응하다, 순응하다
adapt to the market 시장에 적응하다
be not accustomed to = be not familiar to = do not get used to = be not used to ~에 익숙하지 않다
end the cycle of ~의 고리를 끝내다, ~의 순환고리를 벗어나다
All of us are addicted to clickbait journalism where media outlets always publish the same news with a slightly different headline. We don't consider whether this is important or not. We just satisfy our search for something without knowing what the search is for. If it arouses some excitement, then we just tend to click it.
be addicted to ~에 빠지다, ~에 중독되다
media outlets 언론 메체
satisfy = gratify = meet = fulfil 충족시키다, 만족시키다
arouse excitement = excite 흥분시키다, 들뜨게 만들다
That was the reason I was thinking of news authorship. The authorship does not necessarily mean who wrote the story. I also mean the publications they write for, as many readers don't care about who writes news, no matter how news-savvy they are.
news authorship 뉴스 저자, 뉴스 저자권
not necessarily mean 반드시 ~을 의미하지는 않는다
no matter how 아무리 ~한들, 어떻게 ~하더라도
news-savvy 뉴스에 능통한, 뉴스를 잘 아는
Your research highlights the role of psychological motives and behavioral patterns in news authorship verification. Can you provide more details on which motives and behaviors were most influential?
highlight = stress = emphasize = underscore = underline 강조하다
psychological motives 심리적 동기
behavioral patterns 행동학적 패턴
details on ~에 대한 세부사항
influential 영향력이 있는, 영향력이 큰
The most interesting finding is that readers who check the authors of the news more trust the media less. That shocked me. I measured credibility by asking people whether they trusted Korean news outlets.
shock = be surprised at = be shocked = wonder at = astonish = amaze = startle = astound 깜짝 놀라게하다, 충격을 가하다
credibility = reliability = dependability = trust = trustworthiness = confidence 신뢰도, 신뢰성, 믿을 수 있음
I had multiple-choice questions for them to answer, including "Do you think the press is accurate?" "Do you think the press is objective?" "Do you think they are balanced?" "Do you think they are doing in-depth reporting?" and "Do you think they are including diverse perspectives?"
multiple-choice questions 선다형 질문
accurate = precise = exact = right = errorless 정확한
objective = unbiased = impartial = neutral = non-partisan = disinterested 객관적인, 치우쳐 지지않은
subjective = partisan = one-sided = biased = partial = lopsided 주관적인, 편향적인
balanced 균형잡힌, 안정된
in-depth = profound = abysmal 깊은, 심도 있는
diverse perspectives 다양한 관점
diverse = various = varied = different = variegated = numerous = a variety of = a wide range of = multi-faceted = many = multiple = multifarious = many-sided 많은, 다양한, 다채로운
I summed up their responses and created a press credibility index. What I found was that the more you check the author of the news, the less likely you are to trust the media and vice versa. This suggests that people who consume news without considering the source tend to trust the media without question.
sum up = summarize = encapsulate 요약하다
press credibility index 언론 신용 지수
vice versa 그 반대도 마찬가지이다
without questions = undoubtedly = without doubt = sine dubio = questionlessly = beyond doubt 의문의 여지 없이
I also checked the relationship the other way around. If you trust the media, do you tend to check the source of the news more? If you blindly consume news, if you don't verify the information, then you might be more susceptible to fake news, disinformation or misinformation. Authorship checking is the most basic level of information verification skill.
the other way around 반대로, 거꾸로
blindly = thoughtlessly = recklessly = ignorantly 맹목적으로, 무턱대고, 앞이 안 보이는 채로
verify = confirm = substantiate = prove = show to be true = corroborate 입증하다, 확인하다
be susceptible to ~에 영향을 받기 쉽다
fake news 가짜 뉴스
information verification 정보 검증
If you don't have any political perspectives, then you might be less susceptible to those kinds of news reports or information. But if you have a strong political ideology, extreme right or extreme left, your confirmation bias might make you more susceptible to fake news.
political perspective 정치적 관점
political ideology 정치적 이데올로기, 정치적 사상
extreme right = far right 극우파
extreme left = far left 극좌파
confirmation bias 확증적 편향
In the context of the current media landscape, with increasing concerns about fake news and misinformation, how do you see the role of authorship verification evolving as an important tool? What recommendations would you give to news consumers to navigate the complexities of online news?
increasing = burgeoning = rising = skyrocketing = brewing = mounting = expanding = growing = swelling 증가하는, 커지는
navigate = address = handle = treat = cope with = deal with = tackle 다루다, 처리하다
complexity = intricacy 복잡성
Fake news has been around for a long time. Now the speed has tremendously increased compared to the old days. It's almost every day that people fabricate fake news. What seems to be important is how we distinguish high-quality news from low-quality news. What determines high-quality news? If you think of that, you cannot be deceived by fake news. Completely detecting fake news and eliminating it is impossible.
has been around for a long time 오랫동안 존재해왔다
tremendously = enormously = extremely = very = greatly = considerably = exceedingly = vastly 엄청나게, 굉장하게, 대단히
fabricate = falsify = invent = manufacture = cook up 날조하다, 조작하다
distinguish from = tell from 구별하다, 식별하다
be deceived by ~에 의해 현혹되다, ~에 의해 속다
detect = discern = spot = pick out = perceive = recognize = make out 감별하다, 식별하다
eliminate = erase = obliterate = remove = wipe out = annihilate = extirpate = get rid of = do away with = take away = delete = destroy 제거하다, 없애다
I recommend people to check who wrote the stories they read and that is the most basic thing to do. There are also related to verification skills, like cross-checking the information and looking up whether the sources are up to date. But more fundamentally, regarding the fake news phenomenon, we have to understand our bias. I propose the term "bias literacy."
fundamentally = basically 근본적으로, 기본적으로
cross-checking 교차점검
up to date 현대식의, 최신 유행의, 최근의, 최신의
propose = suggest = put forward = moot 제시하다, 제안하다
These days people say we have to learn artificial intelligence literacy. In the near future, there might be the concept robot literacy on how to live with robots. In the past several years, we had to learn big data literacy, internet literacy and television literacy, over and over and over. So whenever new technology comes up, we always say we have to learn that literacy.
artificial intelligenece 인공 지능
literacy 글을 읽고 쓸 줄 아는 능력
over and over 거듭하여, 몇번이고, 계속해서
come up = arise = spring up = turn up = emerge 나타나다, 나오다, 등장하다
live with = stay with = live together = cohabit 동거하다, 함께 살다, 함께 지내다
But what is literacy? Literacy means understanding the thing in a critical sense. But the literacy we are saying here is not literacy but learning skills. Media technology keeps changing, but what remains the same is bias. Information and news are always present, and our biases are always present. In the current era of information and news, bias literacy is becoming increasingly important.
in a critical sense 비판적 감각으로
learning skill 학습 기술, 학습 능력 기술
in the current era of ~의 현 시대에
increasingly = gradually = more and more = incrementally 점점 더
How can news outlets and journalists use your findings to improve their credibility with the public? Are there specific practices or strategies they should adopt?
specific = concrete = precise = exact 구체적인
practice 관행
strategy = stratagem = action plan = scheme = plan = tactics = manoeuvre 전략, 방침, 전술, 묘책
I have researched how people evaluate quality news. The basic question was whether the way people think this news is high quality is similar to what journalists think is high quality.
evaluate = assess = appraise = estimate = rate 평가하다, 살피다
high quality 고급의, 고품질의
Similar or not similar? That was my question. If journalists think 'this is really good news,' would the general news consumers think it is good work of journalism as well? I asked not the journalist but the editors. And I asked the general public to rate the quality of news articles by reading them. I gave 10 news articles to around 8,000 news readers. Ten news articles for 50 readers, another 50 people, 10 different news articles. I have done that with around 8,000 news readers.
news articles 뉴스 기사
editors 편집자
journalist 기자, 저널리스트
news readers 뉴스 독자
rate = evaluate = assess = appraise = estimate 평가하다, 살피다
Numerous news articles were evaluated. What I found was that journalists and readers agree on what constitutes a high-quality news story and a low-quality article. Of course, the middle ground is mixed. However, there is a general consensus between the two groups, even though one is professional and the other is not.
numerous = diverse = various = varied = different = variegated = a variety of = a wide range of = multi-faceted = many = multiple = multifarious = many-sided 많은, 다양한, 다채로운
agree on = consent to = assent to ~에 동의하다
middle ground 합의점, 중간 입장, 중간 위치
general consensus 일반적인 여론, 전반적인 합의
I want to tell journalists that they don't need to write clickbait stories. That might increase your revenue in the short term, but readers will eventually acknowledge the quality of their stories when they produce high-quality news.
eventually = in turn = in the end = after all = in the long run = ultimately = finally 결국, 종내
ackonwledge = recognize = perceive 인정하다, 인지하다
Did your research explore any cross-cultural differences in how news authorship verification and credibility are perceived? How might your findings apply in different cultural contexts?
explore = dig into = examine = investigate = look into 조사하다, 탐험하다
cross-cultural difference 문화간 차이
I am trying to do a project with a Swiss professor who is interested in doing collaborative research involving Korea and Switzerland. We are trying to measure the quality of news produced in the two countries because Switzerland has high press credibility and Korea has low press credibility.
do a project with ~와 함께 프로젝트를 하다
collaborative research 협력 조사
measure = access = evaluate = estimate = gauge = compute = calculate = work out 측정하다, 평가하다, 산출하다
Switzerland is a multicultural country, more so than Korea, while Korea has a homogeneous culture. Korea only uses the Korean language while Switzerland uses many. If we consider just this, we might think that media outlets in Korea are more credible than those in Switzerland. One would assume there might be less misunderstanding among readers. However, the exact opposite is true. We wanted to determine what differences between the two countries led to this counterintuitive phenomenon.
multicultural country 다문화 국가
homogeneous culture 단일 문화, 동질한 문화
heterogeneous culture 다문화
assume = presume = guesstimate = estimate = guess = surmise = conjecture = suppose 추정하다, 추측하다
exact opposite = complete opposite 정반대
counterintuitive phenomenon 반직관적인 현상, 직관에 반하는 현상
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